It consists of several individual units, namely 1. Big brain (Cerebrum)2. Cerebellum3. Bridge (Pons) 4. Medulla oblongata 5. Spinal cord (Medulla spinalis)6. The main nerves of the hands, with their branches7. The main nerves of the legs, with their branches 1) LARGE BRAIN (Cerebrum) (Fig. 11) It consists behind) the connecting brain and b) the end brain. The connecting brain consists of the epithalamus, thalamus and hypothalamus, with the mammary glands and the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The end brain is formed by both hemispheres of the brain, the basal ganglia and the part for the sense of smell. It has 4 separate parts (lobes): whole, parietal, occipital and temporal. The brain is a complicated mechanism of different sensations. Today's school medicine has managed to partially resolve which parts of the brain control which body functions, but a lot of unknowns are still hidden. It can be said that the brain is a computer that conducts almost all life processes. Considering such a complex organ of the body, it is good to study some parts of the brain, which have certain functions, for example. which parts of the brain control the functions of sight, speech and hearing, which are the functions of the thalamus and hypothalamus.
To perform our health check-up, it is sufficient to initially determine from which part of the brain we receive deficient radiation, and further work and diagnosis of the disease will be carried out by a cell specialist.
2) CEREBELLUM (Cerebellum) The cerebellum is located in the occipital part of the head, located below the cerebrum. Connection to the midbrain with a pair of arms, and also with a pair of arms with the pons and medulla. It balances the work of the muscular musculature and maintains physical balance. In fact, it exercises a kind of control of the centers subject to the human will. It also has an influence on the cerebral cortex. Pathological processes in the cerebellum can lead to serious changes and permanent damage. Like the cerebrum, the cerebellum has two lobes: the right and the left. When examining the cerebellum, it is important to determine whether the disease is on the right or left lobe, as well as which part is affected, and which (eg, the right lobe, the lower third, etc.). The cerebellum is connected to the midbrain via the bridge (Pons). The hindbrain included the cerebrum, bridge and rhombic depressions.
3) BRIDGE (Pons) Via the bridge, the cerebellum and cerebellum are connected by nerve pathways. The suprapons is the part that connects both the pons and the medulla oblongata to the middle part of the brain. It is the Pedunculus cerebri, which is attached to the Thalamus.
4) MEDULLA OBLONGATA It is a part of the somatic nervous system, about 3 cm long and located as an extension of the spinal cord towards the brain. At the end is the so-called rhombic depression, where many important sensory brain nerves emerge in pairs from the nervous mass. These are pairs of nerves I-XII. Let's list them: I. Nervus olfactorius Olfactory (olfactory) nerve. It goes from the nasal epithelium to the basal cerebrum, the center for smell. II. Nervus opticus Optic nerve. It transmits the image from the retina to the vision center connecting the brain. III. Nervus oculomotorius Eye nerve, the driver of the eyeball. IV. Nervus trochlearis Serves for the circulation of the eyeball.V. Nervus trigeminus A three-branched nerve, which via the N. ophthalmicus, N. maxillaris and N. mandibularis brings sensations from the face. VI. Nervus abducens Moves the eyeball only to the side. VII. Nervus facialis Facial nerve. Regulates facial movements and chewing food. VIII. The vestibulocochlearis nerve goes to the ear. Auditory nerve. It also serves to maintain balance.IX. Nervus glossopharyngeusSame as the muscles of the pharynx. It transmits stimuli from the tongue, pharynx and tonsils. X. Nervus vagus Equal to the work of the heart, and supplying the glands and muscles of the digestive tract, as well as the respiratory organs and the external ear.XI. Nervus accessorius Aligns with the trapezius muscle and the muscle for moving the head, and helps in the work of the vagus nerve.XII. Nervus hypoglossus Nerve that transmits sensory stimuli of the tongue. These are 12 pairs of so-called brain nerves, which have their motor role, and also the conduction of sensations. All of them, except the vagus, supply the sensory organs and glands of the head, and the vagus is also located in the chest and abdomen. It belongs to the parasympathetic nerves. During the examination, it is good to check each of these nerves especially on the right, especially on the left side, especially if there are disturbances from the areas that fall under their domain.
5) SPINAL CORD (Medulla spinalis) The spinal cord is the spinal central nerve, which goes from the medulla oblongata, then to the sacral part of the spinal column, through the openings in the vertebrae. 31 or 32 pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord. 3 pairs of nerves exit from the neck (cervical) part, 12 from the thoracic (thoracic) part, 5 from the lumbar (lumbar) part, 5 from the sacral (sacral) part and 1 or 2 sacral part. The spinal cord has three sheaths: Dura mater, Arachnoidea and Pia mater. The three sheaths can be seen in the cross-section. The spinal cord itself is made of fine nerve fibers, white and gray in color. It is gray in the middle part and has the shape of a butterfly in cross-section.
6) MAIN NERVES OF THE ARMS (with their branches) The main nerves of the arms emerge from the brachial plexus, which is made up of nerves that emerge from the C 5 - Th 1 vertebrae. These are the nerves: 1. Thumb nerve (Nervus radialis)2. Central nerve (Nervus medianus) 3. Ulnar nerve (Nervus ulnaris)4. Musculocutaneous nerve (Nervus musculocutaneus) All these nerves have forks in several places on their way through the hand, so that the hand is actually permeated with many other nerves, so that it forms a dense network of nerve threads. When examining the condition of the nerves of the hands, we concentrate on these four nerves, one by one, until we finally get a clear picture of which, or which nerves are involved and in which parts of their path anomalies occur. We have to start from the cervical vertebrae themselves, because in most cases (usually with rheumatic diseases) this is where the greatest difficulties arise. When we have examined the right hand, we move on to the same examination of the nerves of the left hand. If it is difficult to follow mentally, we can use the image of the nerves of the hand. Of course, it is necessary to note all anomalies.
7) MAIN NERVES OF THE LEG (Fig. 19) (with their branches) The main nerves of the legs emerge from the lumbar part of the spinal column and form the so-called lumbar plexus (Plexus lumbalis), then from the cruciate part (plexus sacralis) and coccygeal part (plexuscoccygeus). Yes, the names of those nerves are listed: 1. Hip nerve (Nervus ischiadicus)2. The femoral-shin nerve (N. femoralis)Nervus ischiadicus divides into two branches just above the knee: a) into the common sciatic nerve (N. peroneus ccmmunis) which is then divided into the deep sciatic nerve (N. peroneus profundus) and the superficial sciatic nerve (N. peroneus superficialis) and b) the tibial nerve (N. tibialis). The plexus extends through the entire leg and foot. First, we examine the right and then the left leg. The examination is performed in the same way, as we did with the hand examination. Particular attention should be paid to the plexuses of nerves (plexuses) of the lumbar and sacral parts and to establish exactly which nerves are involved and in which saddles of their courses are the anomalies. To complete the picture of the whole body, we can also look at the nerves in the intercostal parts.
