A) Pituitary gland (Hypophysis, Glandula pituitaria)

The pituitary gland is the central endocrine gland that controls the work of most other glands in the body. It is located on the Turkish saddle of the sphenoid bone and weighs only 0.5 to 1 gram, and is connected to the hypothalamus in the midbrain by a funnel (infundibulum). It consists of two functional lobes:

• Front lobe (Adenohypophysis): It produces growth hormone (STH), thyrotropin (stimulates the thyroid gland), gonadotropin (stimulates the gonads), melanotropic hormone (skin pigmentation) and ACTH (which stimulates the adrenal glands).
• Posterior lobe (Neurohypophysis): It produces vasopressin (affects blood pressure) and oxytocin (regulates labor in the uterus).

Due to its miniature dimensions, the examination is performed exclusively with mental concentration, separately on the front and back lobes, in order to detect possible functional blockages.

B) Pineal gland, thyroid gland and parathyroid glands

Pineal gland (Corpus pineale): It is about 1 cm long, located under the cerebrum, and is believed to participate in the regulation of skin color and rhythms by producing melanotoxins and melatonin. Diseases are relatively rare.

Thyroid (Glandula thyroidea): It is located next to the larynx and trachea, and consists of the right and left lobes, the isthmus and the rarer pyramidal lobe. It produces the hormone thyroxine (which contains iodine and regulates metabolism and growth). Hyperthyroidism means increased work and swelling of the gland (Bazedov's disease), while hypothyroidism leads to slowed growth and development (dwarfism or cretinism). The analysis is carried out by checking each lobe individually.

Parathyroid glands (Glandule parathyroideae): Four small pea-sized glands located next to the thyroid gland, responsible for the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus (they secrete parathormone and calcitonin). Their deficiency causes muscle spasms (tetany).

C) Thymus, adrenal glands and sexual organs

Thymus: Located behind the sternum, it consists of cortex (rich in lymphocytes) and marrow (with Hassall's corpuscles). It plays a key role in the body's defense against infections, and the examination checks the left or right lobe in isolation.

Adrenal glands (Glandulae suprarenales): Located on the upper poles of both kidneys, they consist of cortex and medulla. Under the influence of the ACTH hormone, the pituitary glands secrete hormones that inhibit inflammatory processes and regulate stress reactions. Diseases of the cortex (such as 90% of stasis) lead to Addison's disease, and are often correlated with rheumatic spinal disorders.

Gonads and breasts: Male gonads (testicles) produce testosterone and sperm, while female gonads (ovaries) produce estrogen, progesterone and relaxin. In women, special attention is paid to the systematic examination of the mammary glands in the breasts (each breast contains 15 to 20 glandular lobes), where any suspicion of a change requires extreme caution and referring the patient to a clinical examination.

D) Pancreas and spleen (Lien)

While the pancreas is processed in detail within the digestive tract, the spleen represents the largest reserve blood tank in the body. It is located in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity, is made of spongy tissue and is richly connected with the blood vessel system. The spleen breaks down worn-out blood cells and creates new ones, and it can become swollen due to infections or diseases of the liver and lungs. The examination is carried out by horizontal crossings over its surface.

All observed anomalies of the endocrine system must be recorded exclusively as orientational data, with a mandatory recommendation to the client to consult a doctor for accurate diagnosis.